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The Tanais Tablets are two tablets from the city of Tanais near modern Rostov-on-Don, Russia. They are written in Greek language and are dated to the late 2nd–3rd century AD. At the time, Tanais had a mixed Greek people, Goths and Sarmatians population. The tablets are public inscriptions which commemorate renovation works in the city. One of the tablets, Tanais Tablet A, is damaged and not fully reconstructed. The other, Tanais Tablet B, is fully preserved and is dated to 220 AD.
The tablets were discovered by Russian archaeologist in 1853. Today, they are kept in the lapidary of the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg. The tablets are considered important in early Croats history.
In 1902, A. L. Pogodin was the first scholar to connect the tablets' personal names with Croatian ethonyms. In 1911, Konstantin Josef Jireček was the first to consider these ethonyms to be of Iranian origin. Some scholars use these tablets only to explain the etymology, and not necessarily the ethnogenesis.
Theories that early Croats were Slavs who had adopted a name of Iranian origin or were ruled by a Sarmatian elite caste, or theories that early Croats were Slavicized Sarmatians cannot dismiss the remote Irano-Sarmatian elements or influence on the Croatian ethnogenesis. Still, the secure connection of those three personal names with the Croatian ethnonym, or ethnic identity, is rather difficult without more evidence.
Greek original:
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΟΝΤΟΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΤΙΒ(ΕΡΙΟΥ) ΙΟΥΛ(ΙΟΥ) ΣΑΥΡΟΜΑΤΟΥ
ΦΙΛΟΚΑΙΣΑΡΟΣΙ ΦΙΛΟΡΩΜΑΙΟΥ, ΕΥΣΕΒΟΥΣ, Η ΣΥΝΟΔΟΣ
Η ΠΕΡΙ ΙΕΡΕΑΝΟΔΟΥ
ΧΟΡΟΥΑΘΟΝ-----Ο — ΚΑΙ ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΩΝ ΆΡΔΑΡΑ ΚΟΝ
ΣΥΝΕΓΔΗΜΟΥΑΓΑΘΟΝ ΔΙΑΙΟΝ ΚΕΡΔΩΝΑΚΟΥ (?) ΚΑΙ
ΠΑΡΑΦΙΛΑΓΑΘΟΝ------ΙΟΝ ΦΟΡΓΑΒΑΚΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΝΕΑΝΙΣ-
ΚΑΡΧΗΝ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΝΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΓΥΜ(Ν]ΑΣΙΑΡΧΗΝ ΒΑ -
ΣΙΛΕΙΔΗΝ ΘΕΟΝΕΙΚΟΥΤΤΑΝ ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΔΟΥ ΦΙΛΟΝ? ΤΗΣ
ΣΥΝΟΔΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΟΙ ΛΟΙΠΟΙ ΘΙΑΣΪΤΑΙ· ΆΡΔΑΡΑΚΟΣ ΖΙΑ---ΟΥ, ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΣ------ΟΥ, ΛΕΙΜΑΝΟΣ ΦΙΔΑ,
ΜΙΔΑΧΟΣ?-------ΑΝΟΥ, ΆΣΚΛΗΠΙΑΔΗΣ ΟΥΑΛΕΡΙΟΥ
. .Γ?ΟΔΑΝΟΣ ΔΗΜΗΤ?ΡΙΟΥ, ΜΕΝΕΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ ΛΥΚΙΣ ΚΟΥ --------ΙΚΑΧΟΥ, ΔΙΟΦΑΝΤΟΣ ΔΕΙΟΥ, ΠΟΠΛΙΟΣ 15-----------ΔΑ, ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΔΗΣ ΕΠΙΓΟΝΟΥ, ΊΑΡΔΟ---------------Δ ΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ, ΑΦΡΟΔΕΙΣΙΟΣ ΧΡΥΣΕ-
ΡΩΤΟΣ,ΔΑΡΑΝΟΣ ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ, ΦΙΛΙΠ-
ΠΟΣ------------ΝΟΥ, ΚΑΛΟΫΣ ΑΘΗΝΙΟΥ, ΚΟΦΑΡΝΟΣ --------------------------------ΤΡΥΦΩΝ ΑΝΔΡΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ, 20 Ο-------------------------ΧΟΡΟΑΘΟΥ, ΘΕΟΤΕΙΜΟΣ ΨΥΧΑ-
ΡΙΩΝΟΣ----------ΔΙΒΑΛΟΣ ΦΑΡΝΑΚΟΥ, ΕΫΙΟΣ 'ΡΟ-
ΔΩΝΟΣ,ΚΛΕΙΔΗΣ "ΑΤΤΑ----------------'ΑΡΙΣ-
ΤΟΔΗΜΟΥ,ΥΜΜΑΧΟΣ ΣΑ---------------
ΚΟΣ----------------------------
25 ΦΙΛΟ------------------------------
ΟΡΑΝΣ - - - ΖΩΡΘΪ?ΝΟΣ ΒΕ ------
'ΡΑΔΑΜΕΙΣΤΟΣ?)------ΦΑΔΙΝΑ[ΜΟΥ------
ΜΥΡΩΝ?----------ΜΑΣΤΟΫ------------
ΠΟ------------ΟΣ ΆΡΔΑΡΑΚΟΥ?------
50 ΦΙΔΑ----------ΝΟΣ ΧΑΡΙΤΩΝ--------:Α-
ΡΑΘΙ--------------------------
ΈΝ ΤΩι-----ΕΤΕΙΝΙ ΛΩΩι-----
English translation:
God the Supreme. May it be with fortune!
In the time of the reign of king Tiberius Julius Sauromates, Friend of Caesar and of the people of Rome, Pious. The devotional assembly with the priest Julius, the son of Rhalchades, at the head, and the father of the devotional assembly Horuata,o---, and the gathered devotional assembly, with Ardarak, the son of Synegdemus, and the noble Diaion, the son of Kerdonak (?) and the very noble ---ion, the son of Forgabak, and the leader of the youth Demetrius, the son of Apollonius, and the gymnasium instructor Basilides, the son of Theonicus, and Atta, the son of Heraclius, a friend of the devotional assembly. And the remaining members: Ardarakos, the son of Zia----on, Demetrius, the son of ---on, Leimanus, the son of Phidas Midach?, the son of ---an, Asklepiades the son of Valerius. --g?odan, the son of Demetrius, Menestratus, the son of Lyciscus, theikachus, Diophantus, the son of Deius, Poplius thedin, Heraclius, the son of Epigon, Iardo---------, the son of Demetrius, Aphrodisius, the son of Chryserotus, Phaldaranos, the son of Apollonius, Philip then, Kaloys, the son of Athenius, Kopharnos the Tryphon, the son of Andromenes, o --------------, the son of Horoath, Theotimus, the son of Psycharion, -----dibal, the son of Farnak, Euios, the son of Rodon, Heraclius, the son of Ati,-tod emus,ymmachus, the son of Sa---------, kos---------------- philo--------------- orano---n, the son of Belik?, Radamistus?, the son of ---, the son of Phadinamos Myron?, the son of -----, the son of Mastoys------ po-------os, the son of Ardarak, ---- Fida,n, Chariton,, A- rathi----, in the Lou ---
Greek original:
ΕΠΙ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙ ΡΗΣΚΟΥΠΟΡΙΔΙ, ΥΙΩ
ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΑΥΡΟΜΑΤΟΥ, ΚΑΙ
ΖΗΝΩΝ ΦΑΝΝΕΩΣ ΠΡΕΣΒΕΥΤΗ ΒΑ-
ΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΡΗΣΚΟΥΠΟΡΙΔΟΣ, ΚΑΙ ΧΟ-
ΦΑΡΝΟΥ ΣΑΝΔΑΡΖΙΟΥ, ΒΑΒΟΣ ΒΑΙΟ-
ΡΑΣΠΟΥ, ΝΙΒΛΟΒΩΡΟΣ ΔΟΣΥΜΟΞΑΡ–
ΘΟΥ, ΧΟΡΟΑΘΟΣ ΣΑΝΔΑΡΖΙΟΥ ΑΡΧΟΝ–
ΤΕΣ ΤΑΝΑΕΙΤΩΝ, ΧΟΦΡΑΖΜΟΣ ΦΟΡΓΑ-
ΒΑΚΟΥ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΔΗΣ ΘΕΟΝΕΙΚΟΥ ΕΛ-
ΛΗΝΑΡΧΗΣ ΕΞΑΡΤΙΣΑΣ ΤΗΝ ΑΓΟΡΑΝ
ΕΚ ΤΩΝ ΙΔΙΩΝ ΑΝΑΛΩΜΑΤΩΝ ΑΠΕΚΑ–
ΤΕΣΤΗΣΑ ΤΗ ΠΟΛΕΙ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΙΣ ΕΜΠΟ-
ΡΟΙΣ ΔΙΑ ΕΠΙΜΕΛΗΤΩΝ ΖΗΝΩΝΟΣ ΦΑ[Ν-
Ν]ΕΩΣ, ΦΑΡΝΟΞΑΡΘΟΥ ΤΑΥΡΕΟΥ,
ΦΑΛΔΑΡΑΝΟΥ ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ ΚΑΙ
ΑΡΧΙΤΕΚΤΟΝΩΝ ΔΙΟΦΑΝΤΟΥ ΝΕ-
ΟΠΟΛΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΑΥΡΗΛΙΟΥ ΑΝΤΩΝΕΙ-
ΝΟΥ, ΝΑΥΑΚΟΣ ΜΕΥΑΚΟΥ.
EΝ ΤΩ ΖΙΦ'.
English translation:
May it be with fortune!
In the time of king Rhescuporis, the son of the great king Sauromates, and Zenon, the son of Phannes, emissary of king Rhescuporis, and in Hopharnas, the son of Sandarzios, Babos, the son of Baioraspes, Nibloboros, the son of Dosymoxarthos, Horoathos, the son of Sandarz, the archons of the Tanaisians, Hophrazmos, the son of Phorgabakos, Basilides, the son of Theoneicus, the hellenarch. Prepared by the council at their own expense once again renovate the for the city and the merchants, through the supervision of Zenon, the son of Phannes, Pharnoxarthos, the son of Taureus, Phaldaranos, the son of Apollonius, and the architect Diophantus, the son of Neopolus and Aurelius, the son of Antoninus, Nauakos, the son of Meuakos.
The year 517.
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